![]() Raphe connects the posterior fibers of this muscle with the anterior portion of a pharyngeal muscle, i.e., superior constrictor muscle. The maxillary bundle arises from the buccal portion of the alveolar process of the maxilla, the mandibular bundle arises from the buccal portion of the alveolar process of the mandible, and the longitudinal bundle arises from the pterygomandibular raphe. Two of the muscular bundles have a bony origin. The fibers of the buccinator muscle originate from three areas, due to which this muscle has three muscular bundles. Venous drainage of the muscle occurs through the pterygoid plexus and internal maxillary vein. Two small branches form the posterosuperior alveolar artery, a branch of the maxillary artery that enters the buccinator muscle posterosuperiorly and supplies the surrounding area. It then runs anterosuperiorly to give off anterior buccal branches, which supply the anterior half of the muscle. Inferior buccal branches of the facial artery supply the inferior half of the muscle. The posterior buccal branch, the largest branch of the facial artery, supplies the posterior half of the muscle. ![]() The facial artery, via its numerous branches, supplies the posterior, inferior, and anterior parts of the muscle. The artery runs in an anteroinferior direction, either superficial or deep, to the lateral pterygoid muscle to reach the posterior part of the muscle. The posterior part of the muscle is supplied by the buccal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery. The main blood supply to the buccinator comes from three arteries which form extensive anastomotic vascular plexus on the muscle's lateral surface and within its fibers. Īlso, there are reports that some small fibers originate from this muscle and insert into the parotid duct (distal portion.) These fibers play an active role in regulating the physiological secretion of saliva from the parotid duct. This activation does not cause the actions directly but aids in the expression of an effort to perform them. Īpart from this, the buccinator muscle gets activated during some mandibular movements like protrusion and retrusion. The buccinator muscle initiates the wave and is followed by the orbicularis oris muscle quickly. i.e., oral and pharyngeal phases Buccinator, along with the orbicularis oris muscle, begins the swallowing movement in the oral phase by generating a peristaltic wave-like contraction. Buccinator tends to act during two of the phases of swallowing. There are different phases of swallowing. Research also shows it plays a role in patients with a habit of thumb/finger sucking. It also helps in the retention and stabilization of the complete denture. While closing the mouth, the muscle contracts gradually, and during the opening movement, it relaxes this maintains the required tension of the cheeks, thereby preventing injury of the buccal mucosa. Its contraction also pulls the corner of the mouth laterally. Due to this thickening, the cheek pushes a food bolus towards the tongue. There are theories that the muscle thickens the cheek mucosa acting as a muscular hydrostat. It aids in mastication and blowing by compressing the cheek inwards. The buccinator muscle plays an active role along with the orbicularis oris and superior constrictor muscle during swallowing, mastication, blowing, and sucking.
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